Android 的图形栈大家都熟悉：SurfaceFlinger + BufferQueue + ANativeWindow。鸿蒙也是类似的生产者-消费者模型，只是接口命名和实现细节有些不同。

作为 GPU 开发者，需要在 winsys 层对接系统窗口。Android 用 ANativeWindow_*，鸿蒙用 OH_NativeWindow_*，看着差不多，真移植起来发现坑不少。

一、核心接口映射

功能	Android	鸿蒙 OHOS 6.1
请求 Buffer	ANativeWindow_dequeueBuffer()	OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowRequestBuffer()
提交 Buffer	ANativeWindow_queueBuffer()	OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowFlushBuffer()
取消 Buffer	ANativeWindow_cancelBuffer()	OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowAbortBuffer()
获取 BufferHandle	ANativeWindowBuffer_getHardwareBuffer()	OH_NativeWindow_GetBufferHandleFromNative()
引用计数+1	ANativeWindow_acquire()	OH_NativeWindow_NativeObjectReference()
引用计数-1	ANativeWindow_release()	OH_NativeWindow_NativeObjectUnreference()

---

二、属性操作对比

Android：独立函数

ANativeWindow_setUsage(window, usage);
ANativeWindow_setBuffersDimensions(window, width, height);
ANativeWindow_setBuffersFormat(window, format);
ANativeWindow_setBuffersTransform(window, transform);
ANativeWindow_setSwapInterval(window, interval);

// 查询
int width, height;
ANativeWindow_query(window, ANATIVEWINDOW_QUERY_DEFAULT_WIDTH, &width);

鸿蒙：统一 HandleOpt

// 设置
OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowHandleOpt(window, SET_USAGE, usage);
OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowHandleOpt(window, SET_BUFFER_GEOMETRY, width, height);
OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowHandleOpt(window, SET_FORMAT, format);
OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowHandleOpt(window, SET_TRANSFORM, transform);

// 查询
int width, height;
OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowHandleOpt(window, GET_BUFFER_GEOMETRY, &height, &width);

---

三、提交 Buffer 差异

Android

// 仅需 release fence
ANativeWindow_queueBuffer(window, buffer, release_fence);

鸿蒙

// 需要 release fence + Region 脏区
Region region = {
    .rects = nullptr,      // nullptr = 全屏
    .rectNumber = 0
};
OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowFlushBuffer(window, buffer, release_fence, region);

---

四、NativeWindowOperation 枚举

Code	Android 等效	参数
SET_BUFFER_GEOMETRY	setBuffersDimensions	int32_t width, int32_t height
GET_BUFFER_GEOMETRY	query width/height	int32_t *height, int32_t *width
SET_FORMAT	setBuffersFormat	int32_t format
GET_FORMAT	getFormat	int32_t *format
SET_USAGE	setUsage	uint64_t usage
GET_USAGE	query usage	uint64_t *usage
SET_TIMEOUT	无	int32_t timeout (ms)
GET_TIMEOUT	无	int32_t *timeout
SET_COLOR_GAMUT	setBuffersDataSpace	int32_t colorGamut
GET_COLOR_GAMUT	getBuffersDataSpace	int32_t *colorGamut
SET_TRANSFORM	setBuffersTransform	int32_t transform
GET_TRANSFORM	query transform	int32_t *transform
SET_UI_TIMESTAMP	setBuffersTimestamp	uint64_t timestamp
GET_BUFFERQUEUE_SIZE	query min undequeued	int32_t *size
SET_SOURCE_TYPE	无	int32_t sourceType
GET_SOURCE_TYPE	无	int32_t *sourceType
SET_APP_FRAMEWORK_TYPE	无	char *frameworkType
GET_APP_FRAMEWORK_TYPE	无	char **frameworkType
SET_HDR_WHITE_POINT_BRIGHTNESS	无	float brightness
SET_SDR_WHITE_POINT_BRIGHTNESS	无	float brightness
SET_DESIRED_PRESENT_TIMESTAMP	无	int64_t timestamp

---

五、鸿蒙特有接口

接口	功能
OH_NativeWindow_LockBuffer()	CPU 锁定 Buffer 直接访问
OH_NativeWindow_UnlockAndFlushBuffer()	CPU 解锁并提交
OH_NativeWindow_PreAllocBuffers()	预分配 Buffer
OH_NativeWindow_CleanCache()	清理 Buffer 缓存
OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowAttachBuffer()	Attach Buffer 到窗口
OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowDetachBuffer()	从窗口 Detach Buffer
OH_NativeWindow_GetSurfaceId()	获取 SurfaceId
OH_NativeWindow_CreateNativeWindowFromSurfaceId()	从 SurfaceId 创建窗口
OH_NativeWindow_WriteToParcel() / ReadFromParcel()	IPC 序列化
OH_NativeWindow_GetLastFlushedBufferV2()	获取最后提交的 Buffer
OH_NativeWindow_SetBufferHold()	保持 Buffer 不被回收

---

六、BufferHandle 结构

Android：AHardwareBuffer

// opaque 结构，通过 API 访问
AHardwareBuffer_Desc desc;
AHardwareBuffer_describe(buffer, &desc);

鸿蒙：BufferHandle

// 明确定义，直接访问
typedef struct BufferHandle {
    int32_t fd;              // DMA-BUF fd
    uint32_t reserveInts;    // reserve 数组大小
    int32_t reserve[0];      // 变长数据：width, height, stride, format...
} BufferHandle;

// 获取方式
BufferHandle *handle = OH_NativeWindow_GetBufferHandleFromNative(buffer);
// 直接访问：handle->fd, handle->reserve[0]...

---

七、完整流程对比

Buffer 获取与提交

Android:

    ANativeWindow_dequeueBuffer()
            │
            ▼
    ┌───────────────┐
    │ acquire_fence │
    └───────┬───────┘
            │
            ▼
    GPU 渲染完成
            │
            ▼
    ANativeWindow_queueBuffer()
    (buffer, release_fence)


鸿蒙:

    OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowRequestBuffer()
            │
            ▼
    ┌───────────────┐
    │ acquire_fence │
    └───────┬───────┘
            │
            ▼
    GPU 渲染完成
            │
            ▼
    OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowFlushBuffer()
    (buffer, release_fence, Region)

---

八、HandleOpt 分发表实现

// foundation/graphic/graphic_surface/surface/src/native_window.cpp

static std::map<int, std::function<void(OHNativeWindow*, va_list)>> operationMap = {
    {SET_USAGE, HandleNativeWindowSetUsage},
    {SET_BUFFER_GEOMETRY, HandleNativeWindowSetBufferGeometry},
    {SET_FORMAT, HandleNativeWindowSetFormat},
    {SET_TIMEOUT, HandleNativeWindowSetTimeout},
    {SET_COLOR_GAMUT, HandleNativeWindowSetColorGamut},
    {SET_TRANSFORM, HandleNativeWindowSetTransform},
    {SET_UI_TIMESTAMP, HandleNativeWindowSetUiTimestamp},
    {SET_SOURCE_TYPE, HandleNativeWindowSetSurfaceSourceType},
    {SET_APP_FRAMEWORK_TYPE, HandleNativeWindowSetSurfaceAppFrameworkType},
    {SET_HDR_WHITE_POINT_BRIGHTNESS, HandleNativeWindowSetHdrWhitePointBrightness},
    {SET_SDR_WHITE_POINT_BRIGHTNESS, HandleNativeWindowSetSdrWhitePointBrightness},
    {SET_DESIRED_PRESENT_TIMESTAMP, HandleNativeWindowSetDesiredPresentTimestamp},
    {GET_USAGE, HandleNativeWindowGetUsage},
    {GET_BUFFER_GEOMETRY, HandleNativeWindowGetBufferGeometry},
    {GET_FORMAT, HandleNativeWindowGetFormat},
    {GET_TIMEOUT, HandleNativeWindowGetTimeout},
    {GET_COLOR_GAMUT, HandleNativeWindowGetColorGamut},
    {GET_TRANSFORM, HandleNativeWindowGetTransform},
    {GET_BUFFERQUEUE_SIZE, HandleNativeWindowGetBufferQueueSize},
    {GET_SOURCE_TYPE, HandleNativeWindowGetSurfaceSourceType},
    {GET_APP_FRAMEWORK_TYPE, HandleNativeWindowGetSurfaceAppFrameworkType},
};

int32_t OH_NativeWindow_NativeWindowHandleOpt(OHNativeWindow *window, int code, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, code);
    auto it = operationMap.find(code);
    if (it != operationMap.end()) {
        it->second(window, args);
    }
    va_end(args);
    return OHOS::GSERROR_OK;
}

---

九、头文件与链接库

	Android	鸿蒙
头文件	<android/native_window.h>	<native_window/external_window.h>
	<android/hardware_buffer.h>	<native_buffer/buffer_handle.h>
链接库	-lui -lgui	-lnative_window -lsurface.z

近期我将android gpu代码移植鸿蒙发现不少知识点，在此总结。后续会讲部分实现接口！