引言：HarmonyOS PC生态的新机遇

2025年5月19日，华为在成都正式发布鸿蒙电脑，标志着国产操作系统在PC领域取得重大突破。搭载HarmonyOS 5的终端设备数已突破2300万台，政企适配应用超200款，这一自主操作系统正式迈入规模化发展阶段。与传统的Windows开发相比，HarmonyOS PC应用开发具有分布式架构、AI原生集成和一次开发多端部署三大独特优势。

HarmonyOS 5.0从内核层全栈自主研发，实现从操作系统内核、文件系统到编程语言乃至大模型的全链路自研。这种架构设计为PC应用开发带来了前所未有的创新平台，使开发者能够创造出真正意义上的全场景体验。截至2025年第三季度，鸿蒙生态已覆盖200+设备品类，连接设备数突破10亿，全球注册开发者超过500万，应用数量突破80万。

在PC应用开发领域，HarmonyOS 5.0带来了革命性的变化。传统的PC应用开发往往局限于单一设备，而HarmonyOS的分布式能力使得应用可以无缝跨越手机、平板、智慧屏和PC等多个设备。这种"超级终端"的理念，正是HarmonyOS PC应用开发的最大魅力所在。

本文将带领开发者从零开始，基于HarmonyOS 5.0构建一个完整的分布式办公套件。通过这个实战项目，您将掌握HarmonyOS PC应用开发的核心技术，包括分布式数据同步、AI原生集成、响应式布局设计等关键技能。

一、开发环境搭建与项目创建

1.1 开发工具配置

HarmonyOS PC应用开发主要使用DevEco Studio作为集成开发环境。以下是环境配置的详细步骤：

系统环境要求：

• 操作系统：Windows 11 64位专业版/企业版，或macOS 13及以上

• 处理器：Intel Core i7及以上（推荐i9）

• 内存：16GB（最低8GB，推荐32GB）

• 硬盘空间：至少200GB可用空间（PC模拟器占用较大）

• 显卡：支持DirectX 12及以上，具备硬件加速能力

• 网络：稳定的互联网连接

DevEco Studio 5.0.4安装步骤：

1. 访问华为开发者联盟官网（https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/cn/），进入"开发>工具"页面下载DevEco Studio 5.0.4 Release版本

2. 运行安装程序，选择安装路径（必须为纯英文路径，避免空格和特殊字符）

3. 安装选项勾选以下组件：

   • HarmonyOS SDK 5.0.4（API Version 16）

   • Node.js 18.x LTS

   • 鸿蒙PC模拟器（2025增强版）

   • AI开发工具包（2025新特性）

   • Reader Kit（新增支持多种格式电子书解析）

4. 点击"安装"，等待安装完成（约20-25分钟）

5. 首次启动时，选择"HarmonyOS PC开发"工作空间

HarmonyOS 5.0.4 SDK配置验证：

// project/oh-package.json5
{
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "@ohos/hypium": "5.0.4.15"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@ohos/arkui": "5.0.4.15",
    "@ohos/ability": "5.0.4.15",
    "@ohos/distributed": "5.0.4.15",
    "@ohos/ai": "5.0.4.15",
    "@ohos/reader": "5.0.4.15"
  }
}

1.2 创建第一个PC原生应用

使用DevEco Studio创建HarmonyOS PC应用项目：

1. 点击"File" → "New" → "Create Project"

2. 选择"PC Application"模板

3. 配置项目信息：

   • Project Name: DistributedOfficeSuite

   • Project Type: Application

   • Bundle Name: com.example.distributedoffice

   • Save Location: 选择合适路径

   • Compatible SDK: HarmonyOS 5.0.4 (API 16)

   • Language: ArkTS

   • Device Type: PC

4. 点击"Finish"创建项目

项目结构解析：

DistributedOfficeSuite/
├── entry/                          # 主模块
│   ├── src/main/ets/
│   │   ├── entryability/          # 应用入口Ability
│   │   ├── pages/                 # 页面目录
│   │   │   ├── Index.ets         # 首页
│   │   │   └── DocumentEditor.ets # 文档编辑器
│   │   ├── components/            # 自定义组件
│   │   ├── models/                # 数据模型
│   │   └── utils/                 # 工具类
│   └── src/main/resources/        # 资源文件
├── feature/                        # 特性模块
│   ├── document/                  # 文档处理模块
│   ├── spreadsheet/               # 表格处理模块
│   └── presentation/              # 演示文稿模块
└── oh-package.json5               # 依赖管理

二、HarmonyOS PC核心技术特性

2.1 分布式软总线技术

HarmonyOS 5.0的分布式软总线2.0将设备发现与连接延迟降至20ms以下，为跨设备实时同步提供底层支撑。这项技术是构建分布式办公套件的核心基础。

分布式设备发现与连接：

// utils/DistributedManager.ets
import distributedDeviceManager from '@ohos.distributedDeviceManager';
import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';

class DistributedManager {
  private deviceManager: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceManager | null = null;
  private connectedDevices: Map<string, distributedDeviceManager.DeviceInfo> = new Map();
  
  // 初始化设备管理器
  async initialize(): Promise<void> {
    try {
      this.deviceManager = await distributedDeviceManager.createDeviceManager(
        'com.example.distributedoffice',
        (deviceInfo: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceInfo) => {
          this.onDeviceFound(deviceInfo);
        }
      );
      
      // 开始设备发现
      await this.startDiscovery();
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to initialize device manager:', (error as BusinessError).message);
    }
  }
  
  // 开始设备发现
  private async startDiscovery(): Promise<void> {
    if (!this.deviceManager) return;
    
    const filter: distributedDeviceManager.DiscoverFilter = {
      discoverMode: distributedDeviceManager.DiscoverMode.DISCOVER_MODE_ACTIVE,
      medium: distributedDeviceManager.ExchangeMedium.COAP
    };
    
    await this.deviceManager.startDeviceDiscovery(filter);
  }
  
  // 设备发现回调
  private onDeviceFound(deviceInfo: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceInfo): void {
    console.log(`Device found: ${deviceInfo.deviceName} (${deviceInfo.deviceId})`);
    
    // 自动连接信任的设备
    if (this.isTrustedDevice(deviceInfo.deviceId)) {
      this.connectToDevice(deviceInfo);
    }
  }
  
  // 连接到设备
  private async connectToDevice(deviceInfo: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceInfo): Promise<void> {
    if (!this.deviceManager) return;
    
    try {
      const connectInfo: distributedDeviceManager.ConnectInfo = {
        deviceId: deviceInfo.deviceId,
        targetPkgName: 'com.example.distributedoffice',
        appOperation: 'office_sync'
      };
      
      await this.deviceManager.connectTargetDevice(connectInfo, {
        onConnect: (result: distributedDeviceManager.ConnectResult) => {
          console.log(`Connected to ${deviceInfo.deviceName}: ${result.result}`);
          this.connectedDevices.set(deviceInfo.deviceId, deviceInfo);
          this.onDeviceConnected(deviceInfo);
        },
        onDisconnect: (deviceId: string) => {
          console.log(`Disconnected from device: ${deviceId}`);
          this.connectedDevices.delete(deviceId);
          this.onDeviceDisconnected(deviceId);
        }
      });
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to connect to device:', (error as BusinessError).message);
    }
  }
  
  // 设备连接成功回调
  private onDeviceConnected(deviceInfo: distributedDeviceManager.DeviceInfo): void {
    // 通知所有组件设备已连接
    AppStorage.setOrCreate('connectedDevices', Array.from(this.connectedDevices.values()));
    
    // 开始数据同步
    this.startDataSync(deviceInfo.deviceId);
  }
  
  // 开始数据同步
  private startDataSync(deviceId: string): void {
    // 实现数据同步逻辑
    console.log(`Starting data sync with device: ${deviceId}`);
  }
  
  // 检查是否为信任设备
  private isTrustedDevice(deviceId: string): boolean {
    const trustedDevices = AppStorage.get('trustedDevices') || [];
    return trustedDevices.includes(deviceId);
  }
}

2.2 方舟图形引擎优化

HarmonyOS PC集成方舟图形引擎，依托人因研究与窗口排序绘制技术，保障焦点窗口高帧率呈现。这对于办公套件的流畅体验至关重要。

高性能图形渲染示例：

// components/DocumentCanvas.ets
@Component
export struct DocumentCanvas {
  @State private canvasContext: CanvasRenderingContext2D | null = null;
  @State private documentContent: string = '';
  @State private zoomLevel: number = 1.0;
  @State private renderQuality: 'high' | 'medium' | 'low' = 'high';
  
  // 画布引用
  private canvasRef: CanvasRef = new CanvasRef();
  
  build() {
    Canvas(this.canvasContext)
      .ref(this.canvasRef)
      .width('100%')
      .height('100%')
      .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
      .onReady((ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) => {
        this.canvasContext = ctx;
        this.setupCanvas();
        this.renderDocument();
      })
      .onSizeChange(() => {
        this.handleCanvasResize();
      })
  }
  
  // 设置画布
  private setupCanvas(): void {
    if (!this.canvasContext) return;
    
    const ctx = this.canvasContext;
    
    // 启用抗锯齿
    ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = true;
    ctx.imageSmoothingQuality = 'high';
    
    // 设置DPI缩放
    const dpi = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
    const canvas = ctx.canvas;
    canvas.width = canvas.clientWidth * dpi;
    canvas.height = canvas.clientHeight * dpi;
    
    // 应用DPI缩放
    ctx.scale(dpi, dpi);
  }
  
  // 渲染文档内容
  private renderDocument(): void {
    if (!this.canvasContext) return;
    
    const ctx = this.canvasContext;
    const width = ctx.canvas.width / window.devicePixelRatio;
    const height = ctx.canvas.height / window.devicePixelRatio;
    
    // 清空画布
    ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
    
    // 应用缩放变换
    ctx.save();
    ctx.scale(this.zoomLevel, this.zoomLevel);
    
    // 渲染文档背景
    this.renderDocumentBackground(ctx, width, height);
    
    // 渲染文本内容
    this.renderTextContent(ctx, width, height);
    
    // 渲染图形元素
    this.renderGraphicElements(ctx, width, height);
    
    ctx.restore();
  }
  
  // 渲染文档背景
  private renderDocumentBackground(
    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
    width: number,
    height: number
  ): void {
    // 文档页面背景
    ctx.fillStyle = '#F8F9FA';
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
    
    // 页面阴影效果
    ctx.shadowColor = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)';
    ctx.shadowBlur = 10;
    ctx.shadowOffsetX = 2;
    ctx.shadowOffsetY = 2;
    
    // 页面内容区域
    const pageWidth = Math.min(width * 0.8, 800);
    const pageHeight = Math.min(height * 0.9, 1000);
    const pageX = (width - pageWidth) / 2;
    const pageY = (height - pageHeight) / 2;
    
    ctx.fillStyle = '#FFFFFF';
    ctx.fillRect(pageX, pageY, pageWidth, pageHeight);
    
    // 重置阴影
    ctx.shadowColor = 'transparent';
    ctx.shadowBlur = 0;
    ctx.shadowOffsetX = 0;
    ctx.shadowOffsetY = 0;
  }
  
  // 处理画布大小变化
  private handleCanvasResize(): void {
    this.setupCanvas();
    this.renderDocument();
  }
  
  // 设置渲染质量
  setRenderQuality(quality: 'high' | 'medium' | 'low'): void {
    this.renderQuality = quality;
    
    if (this.canvasContext) {
      const ctx = this.canvasContext;
      
      switch (quality) {
        case 'high':
          ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = true;
          ctx.imageSmoothingQuality = 'high';
          break;
        case 'medium':
          ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = true;
          ctx.imageSmoothingQuality = 'medium';
          break;
        case 'low':
          ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = false;
          break;
      }
    }
    
    this.renderDocument();
  }
}

三、实战项目：分布式办公套件开发

3.1 项目架构设计

分布式办公套件采用模块化架构设计，支持文档处理、表格计算、演示文稿三大核心功能，并实现跨设备无缝协同。

核心模块划分：

// models/OfficeModule.ets
export enum OfficeModuleType {
  DOCUMENT = 'document',
  SPREADSHEET = 'spreadsheet',
  PRESENTATION = 'presentation',
  COLLABORATION = 'collaboration'
}

export interface OfficeModule {
  id: string;
  type: OfficeModuleType;
  name: string;
  version: string;
  dependencies: string[];
  capabilities: ModuleCapability[];
}

export interface ModuleCapability {
  name: string;
  description: string;
  apiEndpoint: string;
  requiredPermissions: string[];
}

// 文档处理模块
export const DocumentModule: OfficeModule = {
  id: 'doc-module-001',
  type: OfficeModuleType.DOCUMENT,
  name: '智能文档处理器',
  version: '1.0.0',
  dependencies: ['ai-module', 'distributed-module'],
  capabilities: [
    {
      name: '实时协作编辑',
      description: '支持多用户同时编辑同一文档',
      apiEndpoint: '/api/document/collaborate',
      requiredPermissions: ['ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC']
    },
    {
      name: 'AI智能排版',
      description: '基于AI的自动文档格式优化',
      apiEndpoint: '/api/document/ai-format',
      requiredPermissions: ['ohos.permission.USE_AI']
    },
    {
      name: '跨设备同步',
      description: '文档内容实时同步到所有设备',
      apiEndpoint: '/api/document/sync',
      requiredPermissions: ['ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC']
    }
  ]
};

// 分布式数据模型
export interface DistributedDocument {
  id: string;
  title: string;
  content: string;
  format: DocumentFormat;
  metadata: DocumentMetadata;
  collaborators: Collaborator[];
  syncStatus: SyncStatus;
  lastModified: number;
  deviceOrigin: string;
}

export interface DocumentMetadata {
  author: string;
  createdTime: number;
  modifiedTime: number;
  fileSize: number;
  pageCount: number;
  language: string;
  tags: string[];
  securityLevel: SecurityLevel;
}

export enum SyncStatus {
  SYNCED = 'synced',
  SYNCING = 'syncing',
  CONFLICT = 'conflict',
  OFFLINE = 'offline'
}

export enum SecurityLevel {
  PUBLIC = 'public',
  INTERNAL = 'internal',
  CONFIDENTIAL = 'confidential',
  SECRET = 'secret'
}

3.2 分布式数据同步实现

基于HarmonyOS 5.0的分布式数据管理能力，实现办公文档的实时同步。

分布式数据同步核心类：

// services/DistributedDataSync.ets
import distributedData from '@ohos.data.distributedData';
import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';

export class DistributedDataSync {
  private kvManager: distributedData.KVManager | null = null;
  private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore | null = null;
  private syncCallbacks: Map<string, SyncCallback> = new Map();
  
  // 初始化KV存储
  async initialize(): Promise<void> {
    try {
      const config: distributedData.KVManagerConfig = {
        bundleName: 'com.example.distributedoffice',
        context: getContext(this)
      };
      
      // 创建KV管理器
      this.kvManager = await distributedData.createKVManager(config);
      
      // 创建KV存储
      const options: distributedData.Options = {
        createIfMissing: true,
        encrypt: true,
        backup: false,
        autoSync: true,
        kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION,
        securityLevel: distributedData.SecurityLevel.S2
      };
      
      this.kvStore = await this.kvManager.getKVStore<distributedData.KVStore>('office_documents', options);
      
      // 注册数据变更监听器
      await this.registerDataChangeListener();
      
      console.log('Distributed data sync initialized successfully');
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to initialize distributed data sync:', (error as BusinessError).message);
    }
  }
  
  // 注册数据变更监听器
  private async registerDataChangeListener(): Promise<void> {
    if (!this.kvStore) return;
    
    try {
      await this.kvStore.on('dataChange', distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, (data: distributedData.ChangeData[]) => {
        this.handleDataChange(data);
      });
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to register data change listener:', (error as BusinessError).message);
    }
  }
  
  // 处理数据变更
  private handleDataChange(data: distributedData.ChangeData[]): void {
    data.forEach((change: distributedData.ChangeData) => {
      const key = change.key;
      const value = change.value;
      const deviceId = change.deviceId;
      
      console.log(`Data changed: ${key} from device ${deviceId}`);
      
      // 解析文档数据
      if (key.startsWith('document_')) {
        this.processDocumentChange(key, value, deviceId);
      }
      
      // 通知所有监听器
      this.notifySyncCallbacks(key, value, deviceId);
    });
  }
  
  // 处理文档变更
  private processDocumentChange(key: string, value: Uint8Array, deviceId: string): void {
    try {
      const documentStr = new TextDecoder().decode(value);
      const document: DistributedDocument = JSON.parse(documentStr);
      
      // 更新本地文档缓存
      this.updateLocalDocumentCache(document);
      
      // 如果文档正在编辑，检查冲突
      if (this.isDocumentBeingEdited(document.id)) {
        this.checkForConflicts(document, deviceId);
      }
      
      // 更新UI
      this.updateDocumentUI(document);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to process document change:', error);
    }
  }
  
  // 保存文档到分布式存储
  async saveDocument(document: DistributedDocument): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.kvStore) return false;
    
    try {
      const key = `document_${document.id}`;
      const value = new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(document));
      
      await this.kvStore.put(key, value);
      
      // 触发同步
      await this.syncData();
      
      console.log(`Document saved: ${document.title}`);
      return true;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to save document:', (error as BusinessError).message);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 同步数据
  private async syncData(): Promise<void> {
    if (!this.kvStore) return;
    
    try {
      // 获取所有已连接设备
      const devices = await this.kvStore.getConnectedDevicesInfo();
      
      // 同步到所有设备
      for (const device of devices) {
        await this.kvStore.sync(device.deviceId, distributedData.SyncMode.PUSH);
      }
      
      console.log(`Data synced to ${devices.length} devices`);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to sync data:', (error as BusinessError).message);
    }
  }
  
  // 注册同步回调
  registerSyncCallback(id: string, callback: SyncCallback): void {
    this.syncCallbacks.set(id, callback);
  }
  
  // 通知同步回调
  private notifySyncCallbacks(key: string, value: Uint8Array, deviceId: string): void {
    this.syncCallbacks.forEach((callback) => {
      callback(key, value, deviceId);
    });
  }
  
  // 更新本地文档缓存
  private updateLocalDocumentCache(document: DistributedDocument): void {
    const cacheKey = `local_doc_${document.id}`;
    localStorage.setItem(cacheKey, JSON.stringify(document));
  }
  
  // 检查文档是否正在编辑
  private isDocumentBeingEdited(documentId: string): boolean {
    const editingDocs = AppStorage.get('editingDocuments') || [];
    return editingDocs.includes(documentId);
  }
  
  // 检查冲突
  private checkForConflicts(newDocument: DistributedDocument, sourceDeviceId: string): void {
    const localDocument = this.getLocalDocument(newDocument.id);
    
    if (localDocument && localDocument.lastModified > newDocument.lastModified) {
      // 本地版本更新，需要解决冲突
      this.resolveDocumentConflict(localDocument, newDocument, sourceDeviceId);
    }
  }
  
  // 获取本地文档
  private getLocalDocument(documentId: string): DistributedDocument | null {
    const cacheKey = `local_doc_${documentId}`;
    const cached = localStorage.getItem(cacheKey);
    
    if (cached) {
      return JSON.parse(cached);
    }
    
    return null;
  }
}

3.3 AI原生能力集成

HarmonyOS 5.0以"AI原生"为核心重构技术底座，盘古大模型的深度植入使系统具备场景感知和智能决策能力。

AI智能文档处理：

// services/AIDocumentProcessor.ets
import ai from '@ohos.ai';
import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';

export class AIDocumentProcessor {
  private nlpEngine: ai.nlp.NlpEngine | null = null;
  private visionEngine: ai.vision.VisionEngine | null = null;
  
  // 初始化AI引擎
  async initialize(): Promise<void> {
    try {
      // 初始化NLP引擎
      const nlpConfig: ai.nlp.NlpEngineConfig = {
        modelPath: 'models/nlp/office_model.h5',
        computeUnit: ai.nlp.ComputeUnit.AI_COMPUTE_UNIT_GPU
      };
      
      this.nlpEngine = await ai.nlp.createNlpEngine(nlpConfig);
      
      // 初始化视觉引擎
      const visionConfig: ai.vision.VisionEngineConfig = {
        modelPath: 'models/vision/document_analysis.h5',
        computeUnit: ai.vision.ComputeUnit.AI_COMPUTE_UNIT_GPU
      };
      
      this.visionEngine = await ai.vision.createVisionEngine(visionConfig);
      
      console.log('AI document processor initialized successfully');
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to initialize AI processor:', (error as BusinessError).message);
    }
  }
  
  // 智能文档分析
  async analyzeDocument(document: DistributedDocument): Promise<DocumentAnalysis> {
    const analysis: DocumentAnalysis = {
      documentId: document.id,
      sentiment: await this.analyzeSentiment(document.content),
      keywords: await this.extractKeywords(document.content),
      summary: await this.generateSummary(document.content),
      readability: await this.assessReadability(document.content),
      suggestions: await this.generateSuggestions(document.content),
      entities: await this.extractEntities(document.content)
    };
    
    return analysis;
  }
  
  // 分析文档情感
  private async analyzeSentiment(content: string): Promise<SentimentAnalysis> {
    if (!this.nlpEngine) {
      return { score: 0, label: 'neutral' };
    }
    
    try {
      const input: ai.nlp.SentimentInput = {
        text: content.substring(0, 1000) // 限制输入长度
      };
      
      const result = await this.nlpEngine.sentiment(input);
      
      return {
        score: result.confidence,
        label: result.label as SentimentLabel
      };
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to analyze sentiment:', (error as BusinessError).message);
      return { score: 0, label: 'neutral' };
    }
  }
  
  // 提取关键词
  private async extractKeywords(content: string): Promise<Keyword[]> {
    if (!this.nlpEngine) {
      return [];
    }
    
    try {
      const input: ai.nlp.KeywordExtractionInput = {
        text: content,
        maxKeywords: 10
      };
      
      const result = await this.nlpEngine.keywordExtraction(input);
      
      return result.keywords.map((kw: ai.nlp.Keyword) => ({
        word: kw.word,
        score: kw.score,
        frequency: kw.frequency
      }));
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to extract keywords:', (error as BusinessError).message);
      return [];
    }
  }
  
  // 生成文档摘要
  private async generateSummary(content: string): Promise<string> {
    if (!this.nlpEngine) {
      return content.substring(0, 200) + '...';
    }
    
    try {
      const input: ai.nlp.SummarizationInput = {
        text: content,
        maxLength: 200
      };
      
      const result = await this.nlpEngine.summarization(input);
      return result.summary;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to generate summary:', (error as BusinessError).message);
      return content.substring(0, 200) + '...';
    }
  }
  
  // 评估可读性
  private async assessReadability(content: string): Promise<ReadabilityScore> {
    // 实现可读性评估逻辑
    const words = content.split(/\s+/).length;
    const sentences = content.split(/[.!?]+/).length;
    const characters = content.length;
    
    // Flesch-Kincaid可读性测试
    const wordsPerSentence = words / sentences;
    const syllablesPerWord = this.estimateSyllables(content) / words;
    
    const score = 206.835 - (1.015 * wordsPerSentence) - (84.6 * syllablesPerWord);
    
    return {
      score: Math.round(score * 100) / 100,
      level: this.getReadabilityLevel(score)
    };
  }
  
  // 生成改进建议
  private async generateSuggestions(content: string): Promise<Suggestion[]> {
    const suggestions: Suggestion[] = [];
    
    // 检查语法错误
    const grammarIssues = await this.checkGrammar(content);
    suggestions.push(...grammarIssues);
    
    // 检查风格问题
    const styleIssues = await this.checkStyle(content);
    suggestions.push(...styleIssues);
    
    // 检查结构问题
    const structureIssues = await this.checkStructure(content);
    suggestions.push(...structureIssues);
    
    return suggestions;
  }
  
  // 智能文档格式化
  async formatDocument(document: DistributedDocument, style: DocumentStyle): Promise<DistributedDocument> {
    const formattedContent = await this.applyFormatting(document.content, style);
    
    return {
      ...document,
      content: formattedContent,
      lastModified: Date.now()
    };
  }
  
  // 应用格式化
  private async applyFormatting(content: string, style: DocumentStyle): Promise<string> {
    // 实现智能格式化逻辑
    let formatted = content;
    
    // 应用标题样式
    if (style.headings) {
      formatted = this.formatHeadings(formatted, style.headings);
    }
    
    // 应用段落样式
    if (style.paragraphs) {
      formatted = this.formatParagraphs(formatted, style.paragraphs);
    }
    
    // 应用列表样式
    if (style.lists) {
      formatted = this.formatLists(formatted, style.lists);
    }
    
    return formatted;
  }
}

四、响应式布局与PC大屏幕适配

4.1 声明式UI针对PC的优化

HarmonyOS 5.0的声明式UI框架针对PC大屏幕进行了专门优化。通过链式语法描述UI状态与逻辑关系，代码可读性提升300%。

PC办公套件主界面布局：

// pages/OfficeDashboard.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct OfficeDashboard {
  @State private activeModule: OfficeModuleType = OfficeModuleType.DOCUMENT;
  @State private documents: DistributedDocument[] = [];
  @State private recentActivities: Activity[] = [];
  @State private collaborationSessions: CollaborationSession[] = [];
  @State private sidebarCollapsed: boolean = false;
  
  // 响应式布局断点
  @StorageProp('screenSize') private screenSize: ScreenSize = ScreenSize.LARGE;
  
  build() {
    // 主布局容器
    Row() {
      // 侧边栏（可折叠）
      if (!this.sidebarCollapsed || this.screenSize !== ScreenSize.SMALL) {
        this.buildSidebar()
      }
      
      // 主内容区域
      Column() {
        // 顶部工具栏
        this.buildTopToolbar()
        
        // 内容区域
        Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, wrap: FlexWrap.Wrap }) {
          // 文档列表区域
          this.buildDocumentList()
          
          // 协作面板
          if (this.screenSize !== ScreenSize.SMALL) {
            this.buildCollaborationPanel()
          }
          
          // 活动面板
          if (this.screenSize === ScreenSize.LARGE) {
            this.buildActivityPanel()
          }
        }
        .layoutWeight(1)
        .padding(20)
      }
      .layoutWeight(1)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
    .onAppear(() => {
      this.loadInitialData();
    })
  }
  
  @Builder
  buildSidebar() {
    Column({ space: 10 }) {
      // 应用Logo和标题
      Row({ space: 10 }) {
        Image($r('app.media.logo'))
          .width(40)
          .height(40)
        
        if (this.screenSize !== ScreenSize.SMALL) {
          Text('分布式办公套件')
            .fontSize(18)
            .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
            .fontColor('#333333')
        }
      }
      .padding({ top: 20, bottom: 20 })
      
      // 模块导航
      ForEach(Object.values(OfficeModuleType), (moduleType: OfficeModuleType) => {
        NavigationItem({
          type: moduleType,
          active: this.activeModule === moduleType,
          compact: this.screenSize === ScreenSize.SMALL
        })
        .onClick(() => {
          this.activeModule = moduleType;
        })
      })
      
      // 协作会话列表
      if (this.collaborationSessions.length > 0 && this.screenSize !== ScreenSize.SMALL) {
        Divider()
          .strokeWidth(1)
          .color('#E0E0E0')
          .margin({ top: 20, bottom: 10 })
        
        Text('协作会话')
          .fontSize(14)
          .fontColor('#666666')
          .margin({ bottom: 10 })
        
        ForEach(this.collaborationSessions, (session: CollaborationSession) => {
          CollaborationSessionItem({ session: session })
        })
      }
    }
    .width(this.getSidebarWidth())
    .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
    .border({ width: { right: 1 }, color: '#E0E0E0' })
  }
  
  @Builder
  buildTopToolbar() {
    Row({ space: 20 }) {
      // 搜索框
      SearchInput({
        placeholder: '搜索文档、表格或演示文稿...',
        onSearch: (query: string) => {
          this.searchDocuments(query);
        }
      })
      .layoutWeight(1)
      
      // 工具栏按钮组
      Row({ space: 10 }) {
        ToolbarButton({
          icon: $r('app.media.new_document'),
          label: '新建',
          onClick: () => {
            this.createNewDocument();
          }
        })
        
        ToolbarButton({
          icon: $r('app.media.share'),
          label: '分享',
          onClick: () => {
            this.shareDocument();
          }
        })
        
        ToolbarButton({
          icon: $r('app.media.collaborate'),
          label: '协作',
          onClick: () => {
            this.startCollaboration();
          }
        })
        
        // AI助手按钮
        if (this.screenSize !== ScreenSize.SMALL) {
          AIAssistantButton({
            onClick: () => {
              this.openAIAssistant();
            }
          })
        }
      }
    }
    .padding(20)
    .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
    .border({ width: { bottom: 1 }, color: '#E0E0E0' })
  }
  
  @Builder
  buildDocumentList() {
    Column() {
      // 文档列表标题
      Row({ space: 10 }) {
        Text('我的文档')
          .fontSize(20)
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
          .fontColor('#333333')
        
        Badge({
          count: this.documents.length,
          maxCount: 99
        })
      }
      .margin({ bottom: 20 })
      
      // 文档网格布局
      Grid() {
        ForEach(this.documents, (document: DistributedDocument) => {
          GridItem() {
            DocumentCard({
              document: document,
              onOpen: () => {
                this.openDocument(document);
              },
              onShare: () => {
                this.shareDocument(document);
              },
              onDelete: () => {
                this.deleteDocument(document);
              }
            })
          }
        })
      }
      .columnsTemplate(this.getGridColumns())
      .rowsTemplate('1fr')
      .columnsGap(20)
      .rowsGap(20)
    }
    .layoutWeight(2)
  }
  
  @Builder
  buildCollaborationPanel() {
    Column() {
      Text('实时协作')
        .fontSize(18)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .fontColor('#333333')
        .margin({ bottom: 20 })
      
      // 在线用户列表
      OnlineUsersList({
        users: this.getOnlineUsers(),
        onInvite: (userId: string) => {
          this.inviteToCollaboration(userId);
        }
      })
      
      // 聊天区域
      CollaborationChat({
        messages: this.getChatMessages(),
        onSendMessage: (message: string) => {
          this.sendChatMessage(message);
        }
      })
    }
    .width(300)
    .padding(20)
    .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
    .borderRadius(10)
    .shadow({ radius: 10, color: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)' })
  }
  
  @Builder
  buildActivityPanel() {
    Column() {
      Text('最近活动')
        .fontSize(18)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .fontColor('#333333')
        .margin({ bottom: 20 })
      
      ForEach(this.recentActivities, (activity: Activity) => {
        ActivityItem({ activity: activity })
      })
    }
    .width(250)
    .padding(20)
    .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
    .borderRadius(10)
    .shadow({ radius: 10, color: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)' })
  }
  
  // 获取侧边栏宽度（响应式）
  private getSidebarWidth(): string | number {
    switch (this.screenSize) {
      case ScreenSize.SMALL:
        return 60;
      case ScreenSize.MEDIUM:
        return 200;
      case ScreenSize.LARGE:
        return 280;
      default:
        return 280;
    }
  }
  
  // 获取网格列数（响应式）
  private getGridColumns(): string {
    switch (this.screenSize) {
      case ScreenSize.SMALL:
        return '1fr';
      case ScreenSize.MEDIUM:
        return '1fr 1fr';
      case ScreenSize.LARGE:
        return '1fr 1fr 1fr';
      default:
        return '1fr 1fr 1fr';
    }
  }
}

4.2 多窗口管理实现

HarmonyOS 5.0针对2合1设备与平板设备，新增支持自定义应用启动时的启动页，并支持创建虚拟屏幕。

多窗口管理实现：

// services/WindowManager.ets
import window from '@ohos.window';
import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';

// 定义缺失的类型（适配新手理解，实际项目中需放在类型文件中）
declare interface DistributedDocument {
  id: string;
  title: string;
  [key: string]: any;
}

declare interface CollaborationSession {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  [key: string]: any;
}

export class WindowManager {
  private mainWindow: window.Window | null = null;
  private documentWindows: Map<string, window.Window> = new Map();
  private collaborationWindows: Map<string, window.Window> = new Map();
  private context: common.UIAbilityContext | common.ApplicationContext; // 新增上下文属性

  // 构造函数接收上下文（解决getContext(this)的问题）
  constructor(context: common.UIAbilityContext | common.ApplicationContext) {
    this.context = context;
  }

  // 初始化主窗口
  async initializeMainWindow(): Promise<void> {
    try {
      // 获取主窗口（使用传入的上下文）
      this.mainWindow = await window.getLastWindow(this.context);
      
      // 配置窗口属性
      await this.configureMainWindow();
      
      console.log('Main window initialized successfully');
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to initialize main window:', error);
    }
  }
  
  // 配置主窗口
  private async configureMainWindow(): Promise<void> {
    if (!this.mainWindow) return;
    
    // 设置窗口属性
    const properties: window.WindowProperties = {
      windowRect: {
        left: 100,
        top: 100,
        width: 1200,
        height: 800
      },
      type: window.WindowType.TYPE_APP,
      isFullScreen: false,
      isLayoutFullScreen: false,
      focusable: true,
      touchable: true
    };
    
    await this.mainWindow.setWindowProperties(properties);
    await this.mainWindow.setWindowBackgroundColor('#F5F5F5');
    await this.registerWindowEvents();
  }

  // 注册窗口事件（补全原有缺失的实现）
  private async registerWindowEvents(): Promise<void> {
    if (!this.mainWindow) return;
    
    this.mainWindow.on('windowSizeChange', (size) => {
      console.log('Main window size changed:', size);
      // 窗口大小变化时重新平铺文档窗口
      this.tileDocumentWindows().catch(err => console.error('Tile windows failed:', err));
    });
  }
  
  // 打开文档编辑窗口
  async openDocumentWindow(document: DistributedDocument): Promise<window.Window | null> {
    try {
      // 检查是否已存在该文档的窗口
      if (this.documentWindows.has(document.id)) {
        const existingWindow = this.documentWindows.get(document.id);
        if (existingWindow) {
          await existingWindow.show();
          await existingWindow.moveToTop();
          return existingWindow;
        }
      }
      
      // 创建新窗口（使用传入的上下文）
      const windowName = `document_${document.id}`;
      const windowType = window.WindowType.TYPE_APP;
      const newWindow = await window.create(this.context, windowName, windowType);
      
      // 配置文档窗口
      await this.configureDocumentWindow(newWindow, document);
      
      // 保存窗口引用
      this.documentWindows.set(document.id, newWindow);
      
      console.log(`Document window opened: ${document.title}`);
      return newWindow;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to open document window:', error);
      return null;
    }
  }
  
  // 配置文档窗口（优化异步处理）
  private async configureDocumentWindow(
    win: window.Window,
    document: DistributedDocument
  ): Promise<void> {
    try {
      // 优化屏幕尺寸获取方式（避免嵌套Promise）
      const topWindow = await window.getTopWindow(this.context);
      const topWindowProps = await topWindow.getWindowProperties();
      const screenWidth = topWindowProps.windowRect.width;
      const screenHeight = topWindowProps.windowRect.height;
      
      // 计算窗口尺寸
      const width = Math.min(1000, screenWidth * 0.8);
      const height = Math.min(700, screenHeight * 0.8);
      
      const properties: window.WindowProperties = {
        windowRect: {
          left: Math.floor((screenWidth - width) / 2),
          top: Math.floor((screenHeight - height) / 2),
          width: width,
          height: height
        },
        type: window.WindowType.TYPE_APP,
        isFullScreen: false,
        isLayoutFullScreen: false,
        focusable: true,
        touchable: true,
        title: document.title
      };
      
      await win.setWindowProperties(properties);
      
      // 加载文档编辑页面（优化回调处理）
      await win.loadContent('pages/DocumentEditor');
      // 传递文档数据
      win.emit('documentLoaded', document);
      
      // 注册窗口关闭事件
      win.on('windowDestroy', () => {
        this.documentWindows.delete(document.id);
        console.log(`Document window closed: ${document.title}`);
      });
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to configure document window:', error);
    }
  }
  
  // 打开协作窗口
  async openCollaborationWindow(session: CollaborationSession): Promise<window.Window | null> {
    try {
      const windowName = `collab_${session.id}`;
      const windowType = window.WindowType.TYPE_FLOAT;
      const collabWindow = await window.create(this.context, windowName, windowType);
      
      // 配置协作窗口
      await this.configureCollaborationWindow(collabWindow, session);
      
      // 保存窗口引用
      this.collaborationWindows.set(session.id, collabWindow);
      
      console.log(`Collaboration window opened: ${session.name}`);
      return collabWindow;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to open collaboration window:', error);
      return null;
    }
  }
  
  // 配置协作窗口
  private async configureCollaborationWindow(
    win: window.Window,
    session: CollaborationSession
  ): Promise<void> {
    const properties: window.WindowProperties = {
      windowRect: {
        left: 100,
        top: 100,
        width: 400,
        height: 500
      },
      type: window.WindowType.TYPE_FLOAT,
      isFullScreen: false,
      isLayoutFullScreen: false,
      focusable: true,
      touchable: true,
      title: `协作: ${session.name}`
    };
    
    await win.setWindowProperties(properties);
    await win.setWindowOpacity(0.95);
    
    // 加载协作页面（优化回调）
    await win.loadContent('pages/CollaborationPanel');
    win.emit('sessionLoaded', session);
  }
  
  // 平铺所有文档窗口（完整实现）
  async tileDocumentWindows(): Promise<void> {
    try {
      const windows = Array.from(this.documentWindows.values());
      
      if (windows.length === 0) {
        console.log('No document windows to tile');
        return;
      }
      
      // 获取屏幕可用尺寸
      const topWindow = await window.getTopWindow(this.context);
      const topWindowProps = await topWindow.getWindowProperties();
      const screenWidth = topWindowProps.windowRect.width;
      const screenHeight = topWindowProps.windowRect.height;
      
      // 留出边距（避免窗口贴边）
      const margin = 20;
      const availableWidth = screenWidth - 2 * margin;
      const availableHeight = screenHeight - 2 * margin - 50; // 留出顶部/底部空间
      
      // 计算行列数：尽量接近正方形布局（比如4个窗口=2x2，5个=3x2，6个=3x2等）
      const windowCount = windows.length;
      const cols = Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(windowCount)); // 列数=平方根向上取整
      const rows = Math.ceil(windowCount / cols);     // 行数=总数/列数向上取整
      
      // 计算每个窗口的尺寸（平均分配空间，减去窗口间距）
      const gap = 10; // 窗口之间的间距
      const windowWidth = Math.floor((availableWidth - (cols - 1) * gap) / cols);
      const windowHeight = Math.floor((availableHeight - (rows - 1) * gap) / rows);
      
      // 遍历所有窗口，设置平铺位置
      windows.forEach((win, index) => {
        // 计算当前窗口的行列索引
        const colIndex = index % cols;
        const rowIndex = Math.floor(index / cols);
        
        // 计算窗口位置（带边距和间距）
        const left = margin + colIndex * (windowWidth + gap);
        const top = margin + rowIndex * (windowHeight + gap);
        
        // 设置窗口属性
        win.setWindowProperties({
          windowRect: {
            left: left,
            top: top,
            width: windowWidth,
            height: windowHeight
          }
        }).then(() => {
          win.show().catch(err => console.error('Failed to show window:', err));
        }).catch(err => console.error('Failed to set window position:', err));
      });
      
      console.log(`Tiled ${windowCount} document windows in ${cols}x${rows} layout`);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to tile document windows:', error);
    }
  }

  // 新增：关闭所有文档窗口
  async closeAllDocumentWindows(): Promise<void> {
    for (const win of this.documentWindows.values()) {
      try {
        await win.destroy();
      } catch (error) {
        console.error('Failed to close document window:', error);
      }
    }
    this.documentWindows.clear();
  }
}