1. 掌握 multiton、singleton、specified 三种启动模式的核心定义与差异
2. 理解不同模式下 UIAbility 实例的创建/复用规则及生命周期联动逻辑
3. 掌握 AbilityStage 的核心作用及与 specified 模式的关联关系
4. 学会在 module.json5 中配置启动模式，及多 Ability 工程的标准化搭建
5. 能通过实操实现三种模式，并验证实例创建/复用的行为差异

【课前铺垫】

上一节我们已掌握 UIAbility 的基础生命周期及页面跳转逻辑，其默认启动模式为 singleton（单实例）。

实际开发中，不同业务场景（如多标签页、唯一个人中心、按业务维度复用实例）需要不同的实例管理策略，因此鸿蒙提供了三种启动模式，核心解决「重复启动时，系统是创建新实例还是复用已有实例」的问题。

【核心问题导入】

• 为什么浏览器打开新标签是新窗口，而打开个人中心始终是同一个窗口？
• 为什么部分页面跳转触发 onCreate，部分仅触发 onNewWant？
• specified 模式的 instanceKey 作用是什么？为何必须依赖 AbilityStage？
• 如何根据业务场景选择合适的启动模式？

一、核心概念：UIAbility 三种启动模式

UIAbility 的启动模式决定了系统对实例的管理策略，鸿蒙官方提供三种标准化模式，覆盖所有业务场景，核心差异集中在实例数量和复用规则上：

1. singleton（单实例模式）- 全局唯一

• 核心定义：该类型 UIAbility 全局仅存在一个实例，无论多少次启动，系统都会复用已有实例
• 核心规则：首次启动创建实例，后续所有启动请求均路由到已有实例
• 适用场景：应用主界面、个人中心、购物车等需要全局唯一状态的页面

2. multiton（多实例模式）- 每次新建

• 核心定义：每次启动该类型 UIAbility，系统都会创建新的实例，实例之间相互独立
• 核心规则：无复用逻辑，每次启动均走完整的实例创建生命周期
• 适用场景：浏览器多标签页、多窗口文档编辑、多任务处理等需要独立状态的页面

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