一、 云端购物车架构设计:分布式数据同步新范式

在鸿蒙生态中,美寇商城的多设备购物车同步依赖于一套精心设计的分布式数据架构。与传统中心化架构不同,鸿蒙的分布式数据管理能力使得购物车数据可以在用户的不同设备间智能流转,实现真正的无缝体验。

1.1 架构演进:从本地到云端的购物车设计

数据流向

在线

离线

技术组件

DistributedDataKit

RelationalStore

CloudKit

离线同步管理

用户购物车操作

设备在线状态检查

分布式数据同步

本地KV存储

云端数据中枢

离线操作队列

多设备数据同步

各设备状态一致

传统架构痛点分析

  • 单设备局限性:购物车数据仅存储在单一设备
  • 同步复杂度高:需要手动登录同步
  • 数据一致性差:多设备操作易产生冲突
  • 用户体验割裂:设备切换时购物车状态丢失

鸿蒙分布式架构优势

  • 自动发现与连接:设备间自动建立可信连接
  • 数据实时同步:基于订阅发布模式的实时同步
  • 冲突智能解决:内置多种冲突解决策略
  • 离线能力支持:网络恢复后自动同步

1.2 核心组件与数据流设计

分布式购物车数据模型

// src/main/ets/model/CartModel.ets
import { distributedData } from '@kit.DistributedDataKit';
import { relationalStore } from '@kit.RelationalStore';

/**
 * 美寇商城购物车数据模型
 * 支持分布式同步与本地持久化
 */
export interface CartItem {
  // 分布式数据ID(全局唯一)
  distributedId: string;
  
  // 商品基础信息
  itemId: string;           // 商品ID
  skuId: string;            // SKU ID
  productName: string;      // 商品名称
  price: number;            // 单价
  currency: string;         // 货币类型
  
  // 购物车属性
  quantity: number;         // 数量
  selected: boolean;        // 是否选中
  addedTime: number;        // 加入时间戳
  lastModified: number;     // 最后修改时间
  
  // 设备信息(用于冲突解决)
  sourceDevice: string;     // 来源设备ID
  deviceType: string;       // 设备类型
  
  // 业务属性
  inventory: number;        // 库存
  limitPerUser: number;     // 限购数量
  promotions: Array<string>; // 适用促销
}

/**
 * 购物车操作日志(用于冲突检测与解决)
 */
export interface CartOperation {
  operationId: string;      // 操作ID(时间戳+设备ID)
  itemId: string;           // 商品ID
  operationType: 'ADD' | 'UPDATE' | 'REMOVE' | 'CLEAR';
  oldValue?: CartItem;      // 操作前值
  newValue?: CartItem;      // 操作后值
  timestamp: number;        // 操作时间
  deviceId: string;         // 设备ID
  syncStatus: 'PENDING' | 'SYNCED' | 'CONFLICT';
}

/**
 * 分布式购物车管理器
 */
export class DistributedCartManager {
  private kvManager: distributedData.KVManager;
  private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore;
  private relationalStore: relationalStore.RdbStore;
  
  // 购物车KVStore配置
  private readonly CART_STORE_CONFIG: distributedData.KVManagerConfig = {
    bundleName: 'com.meikou.mall',
    userInfo: { userId: 'default' },
    context: getContext(this)
  };
  
  // 关系型数据库配置(用于操作日志)
  private readonly STORE_CONFIG: relationalStore.StoreConfig = {
    name: 'cart_operations.db',
    securityLevel: relationalStore.SecurityLevel.S1
  };
  
  // 分布式数据订阅配置
  private readonly SUBSCRIBE_CONFIG: distributedData.SubscribeType = {
    subscribe: distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL
  };
  
  /**
   * 初始化分布式数据管理器
   */
  async initialize(): Promise<void> {
    try {
      // 1. 创建KVManager实例
      this.kvManager = distributedData.createKVManager(this.CART_STORE_CONFIG);
      
      // 2. 获取KVStore
      const options: distributedData.Options = {
        createIfMissing: true,
        encrypt: false,
        backup: false,
        autoSync: true,           // 启用自动同步
        kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.DEVICE_COLLABORATION,
        schema: this.getSchema()  // 定义数据模式
      };
      
      this.kvStore = await this.kvManager.getKVStore<distributedData.KVStore>('cart_store', options);
      
      // 3. 初始化关系型数据库(用于操作日志)
      await this.initRelationalStore();
      
      // 4. 注册数据同步监听器
      await this.registerSyncListeners();
      
      console.info('[DistributedCartManager] 初始化成功');
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('[DistributedCartManager] 初始化失败:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * 定义分布式数据模式
   */
  private getSchema(): distributedData.Schema {
    const cartItemSchema: distributedData.Schema = {
      fields: [
        { name: 'itemId', type: distributedData.FieldType.STRING },
        { name: 'skuId', type: distributedData.FieldType.STRING },
        { name: 'productName', type: distributedData.FieldType.STRING },
        { name: 'price', type: distributedData.FieldType.DOUBLE },
        { name: 'currency', type: distributedData.FieldType.STRING },
        { name: 'quantity', type: distributedData.FieldType.INTEGER },
        { name: 'selected', type: distributedData.FieldType.BOOLEAN },
        { name: 'addedTime', type: distributedData.FieldType.INTEGER },
        { name: 'lastModified', type: distributedData.FieldType.INTEGER },
        { name: 'sourceDevice', type: distributedData.FieldType.STRING },
        { name: 'deviceType', type: distributedData.FieldType.STRING },
        { name: 'inventory', type: distributedData.FieldType.INTEGER },
        { name: 'limitPerUser', type: distributedData.FieldType.INTEGER }
      ],
      indexes: ['itemId', 'skuId', 'sourceDevice']
    };
    
    return cartItemSchema;
  }
  
  /**
   * 初始化关系型数据库
   */
  private async initRelationalStore(): Promise<void> {
    this.relationalStore = await relationalStore.getRdbStore(getContext(this), this.STORE_CONFIG);
    
    // 创建操作日志表
    const sql = `
      CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cart_operations (
        operation_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
        item_id TEXT NOT NULL,
        operation_type TEXT NOT NULL,
        old_value TEXT,
        new_value TEXT,
        timestamp INTEGER NOT NULL,
        device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
        sync_status TEXT NOT NULL,
        conflict_resolved INTEGER DEFAULT 0
      )
    `;
    
    await this.relationalStore.executeSql(sql);
  }
}

二、 多设备同步机制实现

2.1 分布式数据同步策略

同步状态管理

// src/main/ets/sync/CartSyncManager.ets
import { distributedData } from '@kit.DistributedDataKit';
import { relationalStore } from '@kit.RelationalStore';

/**
 * 购物车同步管理器
 * 处理多设备间的数据同步与冲突解决
 */
export class CartSyncManager {
  private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore;
  private operationStore: relationalStore.RdbStore;
  
  // 同步配置
  private syncConfig: SyncConfig = {
    autoSyncInterval: 5000,      // 自动同步间隔(毫秒)
    maxRetryCount: 3,            // 最大重试次数
    conflictStrategy: 'TIMESTAMP', // 冲突解决策略
    batchSize: 50,               // 批量同步大小
    offlineQueueSize: 100        // 离线队列大小
  };
  
  // 设备信息
  private localDeviceId: string;
  private connectedDevices: Map<string, DeviceInfo> = new Map();
  
  // 离线操作队列
  private offlineQueue: Array<CartOperation> = [];
  
  /**
   * 启动自动同步
   */
  async startAutoSync(): Promise<void> {
    // 1. 注册设备状态监听
    this.registerDeviceStatusListener();
    
    // 2. 开始数据同步
    await this.kvStore.sync(
      distributedData.SyncMode.PULL_ONLY, 
      this.syncConfig.autoSyncInterval
    );
    
    // 3. 处理离线队列
    await this.processOfflineQueue();
    
    // 4. 启动定时同步任务
    this.startPeriodicSync();
  }
  
  /**
   * 注册设备状态监听器
   */
  private registerDeviceStatusListener(): void {
    // 监听设备连接状态
    const deviceStatusListener: distributedData.DeviceStatusListener = {
      onDeviceOnline: (deviceInfo: distributedData.DeviceInfo) => {
        console.info(`设备上线: ${deviceInfo.deviceId}`);
        this.addConnectedDevice(deviceInfo);
        this.triggerImmediateSync(); // 设备上线后立即同步
      },
      onDeviceOffline: (deviceInfo: distributedData.DeviceInfo) => {
        console.info(`设备下线: ${deviceInfo.deviceId}`);
        this.removeConnectedDevice(deviceInfo.deviceId);
      }
    };
    
    this.kvStore.on('deviceStatus', deviceStatusListener);
  }
  
  /**
   * 同步购物车数据到云端
   */
  async syncToCloud(): Promise<SyncResult> {
    const syncResult: SyncResult = {
      success: false,
      syncedItems: 0,
      conflicts: 0,
      failedItems: 0,
      timestamp: Date.now()
    };
    
    try {
      // 1. 检查网络状态
      const networkState = await this.checkNetworkState();
      if (!networkState.isConnected) {
        console.warn('网络不可用,将操作加入离线队列');
        this.queueOfflineOperations();
        return syncResult;
      }
      
      // 2. 获取待同步的数据
      const pendingOperations = await this.getPendingOperations();
      
      // 3. 分批同步数据
      const batches = this.chunkArray(pendingOperations, this.syncConfig.batchSize);
      
      for (const batch of batches) {
        const batchResult = await this.syncBatch(batch);
        
        syncResult.syncedItems += batchResult.syncedItems;
        syncResult.conflicts += batchResult.conflicts;
        syncResult.failedItems += batchResult.failedItems;
      }
      
      // 4. 更新同步状态
      syncResult.success = syncResult.failedItems === 0;
      
      // 5. 触发其他设备同步
      if (syncResult.syncedItems > 0) {
        await this.notifyOtherDevices();
      }
      
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('同步到云端失败:', error);
      syncResult.error = error.message;
    }
    
    return syncResult;
  }
  
  /**
   * 处理数据冲突
   */
  private async resolveConflict(
    localItem: CartItem, 
    remoteItem: CartItem
  ): Promise<CartItem> {
    switch (this.syncConfig.conflictStrategy) {
      case 'TIMESTAMP':
        // 时间戳策略:选择最新修改的版本
        return localItem.lastModified > remoteItem.lastModified ? localItem : remoteItem;
        
      case 'QUANTITY_MAX':
        // 数量最大策略:选择数量最大的版本(用于避免丢失添加)
        return localItem.quantity > remoteItem.quantity ? localItem : remoteItem;
        
      case 'DEVICE_PRIORITY':
        // 设备优先级策略:特定设备优先
        const devicePriority = ['phone', 'tablet', 'pc', 'watch'];
        const localPriority = devicePriority.indexOf(localItem.deviceType);
        const remotePriority = devicePriority.indexOf(remoteItem.deviceType);
        
        return localPriority > remotePriority ? localItem : remoteItem;
        
      case 'MERGE':
        // 合并策略:智能合并两个版本
        return this.mergeCartItems(localItem, remoteItem);
        
      default:
        return localItem;
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * 智能合并购物车商品
   */
  private mergeCartItems(item1: CartItem, item2: CartItem): CartItem {
    const merged: CartItem = {
      ...item1,
      quantity: item1.quantity + item2.quantity,
      lastModified: Math.max(item1.lastModified, item2.lastModified),
      // 其他属性的合并逻辑...
    };
    
    // 检查库存限制
    if (merged.quantity > merged.limitPerUser) {
      merged.quantity = merged.limitPerUser;
    }
    
    return merged;
  }
  
  /**
   * 批量同步处理
   */
  private async syncBatch(operations: Array<CartOperation>): Promise<BatchSyncResult> {
    const batchResult: BatchSyncResult = {
      syncedItems: 0,
      conflicts: 0,
      failedItems: 0
    };
    
    for (const operation of operations) {
      try {
        // 尝试同步单个操作
        const syncSuccess = await this.syncSingleOperation(operation);
        
        if (syncSuccess) {
          batchResult.syncedItems++;
          
          // 更新操作状态
          await this.updateOperationStatus(operation.operationId, 'SYNCED');
        } else {
          batchResult.conflicts++;
          
          // 标记冲突需要解决
          await this.markOperationConflict(operation.operationId);
        }
      } catch (error) {
        console.error(`操作 ${operation.operationId} 同步失败:`, error);
        batchResult.failedItems++;
        
        // 添加到重试队列
        await this.queueForRetry(operation);
      }
    }
    
    return batchResult;
  }
}

2.2 离线处理与网络恢复

离线队列管理

// src/main/ets/sync/OfflineQueueManager.ets
/**
 * 离线队列管理器
 * 处理网络不可用时的购物车操作
 */
export class OfflineQueueManager {
  private queue: Array<QueuedOperation> = [];
  private maxQueueSize: number = 1000;
  private persistenceEnabled: boolean = true;
  
  // 离线存储键名
  private readonly OFFLINE_QUEUE_KEY = 'cart_offline_queue';
  
  /**
   * 添加操作到离线队列
   */
  async queueOperation(operation: CartOperation): Promise<QueueResult> {
    const queuedOp: QueuedOperation = {
      ...operation,
      queueTime: Date.now(),
      retryCount: 0,
      lastRetryTime: 0
    };
    
    // 检查队列大小
    if (this.queue.length >= this.maxQueueSize) {
      return {
        success: false,
        reason: 'QUEUE_FULL',
        queueLength: this.queue.length
      };
    }
    
    // 添加到内存队列
    this.queue.push(queuedOp);
    
    // 持久化到本地存储
    if (this.persistenceEnabled) {
      await this.persistQueue();
    }
    
    // 触发自动重试(如果网络恢复)
    this.triggerAutoRetry();
    
    return {
      success: true,
      queueLength: this.queue.length,
      estimatedSyncTime: this.estimateSyncTime()
    };
  }
  
  /**
   * 处理离线队列(网络恢复时调用)
   */
  async processOfflineQueue(): Promise<ProcessResult> {
    const result: ProcessResult = {
      processed: 0,
      succeeded: 0,
      failed: 0,
      conflicts: 0
    };
    
    // 按时间排序,先处理较早的操作
    this.queue.sort((a, b) => a.queueTime - b.queueTime);
    
    // 分批处理,避免阻塞
    const batchSize = 10;
    const batches = this.chunkArray(this.queue, batchSize);
    
    for (const batch of batches) {
      const batchResult = await this.processBatch(batch);
      
      result.processed += batchResult.processed;
      result.succeeded += batchResult.succeeded;
      result.failed += batchResult.failed;
      result.conflicts += batchResult.conflicts;
      
      // 更新队列状态
      this.queue = this.queue.filter(op => 
        !batchResult.processedIds.includes(op.operationId)
      );
    }
    
    // 更新持久化存储
    await this.persistQueue();
    
    return result;
  }
  
  /**
   * 智能重试机制
   */
  private async smartRetry(operation: QueuedOperation): Promise<RetryResult> {
    // 检查重试次数限制
    if (operation.retryCount >= 3) {
      return {
        success: false,
        reason: 'MAX_RETRIES_EXCEEDED',
        shouldDiscard: true
      };
    }
    
    // 指数退避策略
    const backoffTime = this.calculateBackoffTime(operation.retryCount);
    const currentTime = Date.now();
    
    if (currentTime - operation.lastRetryTime < backoffTime) {
      // 还未到重试时间
      return {
        success: false,
        reason: 'BACKOFF_NOT_COMPLETE',
        nextRetryTime: operation.lastRetryTime + backoffTime
      };
    }
    
    // 更新重试信息
    operation.retryCount++;
    operation.lastRetryTime = currentTime;
    
    // 尝试执行操作
    try {
      const syncResult = await this.executeOperation(operation);
      
      return {
        success: syncResult.success,
        conflict: syncResult.conflict,
        syncResult: syncResult
      };
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`重试操作失败: ${operation.operationId}`, error);
      
      return {
        success: false,
        reason: 'EXECUTION_ERROR',
        error: error.message
      };
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * 计算指数退避时间
   */
  private calculateBackoffTime(retryCount: number): number {
    const baseDelay = 1000; // 1秒基础延迟
    const maxDelay = 30000; // 30秒最大延迟
    
    // 指数退避公式:delay = min(maxDelay, baseDelay * 2^retryCount)
    const delay = Math.min(maxDelay, baseDelay * Math.pow(2, retryCount));
    
    // 添加随机抖动,避免同步重试
    const jitter = delay * 0.1 * (Math.random() * 2 - 1);
    
    return delay + jitter;
  }
}

三、 购物车UI与同步状态展示

3.1 实时状态同步界面

// src/main/ets/components/CartSyncStatus.ets
@Component
export struct CartSyncStatus {
  @StorageLink('cartSyncStatus') syncStatus: SyncStatus = SyncStatus.IDLE;
  @StorageLink('connectedDevices') deviceCount: number = 1;
  @StorageLink('lastSyncTime') lastSyncTime: number = Date.now();
  
  @State private showDetails: boolean = false;
  @State private syncAnimation: boolean = false;
  
  // 颜色配置
  private statusColors = {
    [SyncStatus.IDLE]: '#34C759',
    [SyncStatus.SYNCING]: '#007AFF',
    [SyncStatus.OFFLINE]: '#FF3B30',
    [SyncStatus.CONFLICT]: '#FF9500'
  };
  
  // 状态图标
  private statusIcons = {
    [SyncStatus.IDLE]: $r('app.media.ic_sync_idle'),
    [SyncStatus.SYNCING]: $r('app.media.ic_syncing'),
    [SyncStatus.OFFLINE]: $r('app.media.ic_offline'),
    [SyncStatus.CONFLICT]: $r('app.media.ic_conflict')
  };
  
  build() {
    Column({ space: 8 }) {
      // 状态指示器
      Row({ space: 6 }) {
        // 同步状态图标
        Image(this.statusIcons[this.syncStatus])
          .width(16)
          .height(16)
          .objectFit(ImageFit.Contain)
          .animation({
            duration: 1000,
            curve: Curve.EaseInOut,
            iterations: this.syncAnimation ? -1 : 0,
            playMode: AnimationMode.Alternate
          })
        
        // 状态文本
        Text(this.getStatusText())
          .fontSize(12)
          .fontColor(this.statusColors[this.syncStatus])
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
        
        // 设备数量徽章
        if (this.deviceCount > 1) {
          Badge({
            count: this.deviceCount,
            position: BadgePosition.RightTop,
            style: {
              color: '#FFFFFF',
              backgroundColor: this.statusColors[this.syncStatus],
              fontSize: 8,
              badgeSize: 12
            }
          }) {
            Image($r('app.media.ic_devices'))
              .width(14)
              .height(14)
          }
        }
      }
      .onClick(() => {
        this.showDetails = !this.showDetails;
      })
      
      // 详细信息面板
      if (this.showDetails) {
        this.buildDetailsPanel()
      }
    }
    .padding(8)
    .backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
    .borderRadius(12)
    .width('auto')
  }
  
  @Builder
  private buildDetailsPanel() {
    Column({ space: 4 }) {
      // 最后同步时间
      Row({ space: 8 }) {
        Image($r('app.media.ic_time'))
          .width(12)
          .height(12)
        
        Text(`最后同步: ${this.formatTime(this.lastSyncTime)}`)
          .fontSize(10)
          .fontColor('#666666')
      }
      
      // 设备列表
      if (this.deviceCount > 1) {
        Divider()
          .strokeWidth(0.5)
          .color('#DDDDDD')
        
        Text('已连接设备')
          .fontSize(10)
          .fontColor('#999999')
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
        
        // 这里可以显示具体的设备列表
        // ForEach(this.connectedDeviceList, (device) => {
        //   DeviceItem({ device })
        // })
      }
      
      // 手动同步按钮
      if (this.syncStatus === SyncStatus.OFFLINE || this.syncStatus === SyncStatus.CONFLICT) {
        Button('立即同步')
          .width('100%')
          .height(24)
          .fontSize(10)
          .backgroundColor(this.statusColors[this.syncStatus])
          .onClick(() => {
            this.triggerManualSync();
          })
      }
    }
    .padding(8)
    .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
    .borderRadius(8)
    .margin({ top: 8 })
    .shadow({ radius: 2, color: '#10000000', offsetX: 0, offsetY: 1 })
  }
  
  private getStatusText(): string {
    const texts = {
      [SyncStatus.IDLE]: '已同步',
      [SyncStatus.SYNCING]: '同步中...',
      [SyncStatus.OFFLINE]: '离线中',
      [SyncStatus.CONFLICT]: '存在冲突'
    };
    return texts[this.syncStatus];
  }
  
  private formatTime(timestamp: number): string {
    const date = new Date(timestamp);
    return `${date.getHours().toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${date.getMinutes().toString().padStart(2, '0')}`;
  }
  
  private triggerManualSync(): void {
    // 触发手动同步逻辑
    this.syncStatus = SyncStatus.SYNCING;
    this.syncAnimation = true;
    
    // 调用同步管理器
    CartSyncService.getInstance().manualSync()
      .then(result => {
        if (result.success) {
          this.syncStatus = SyncStatus.IDLE;
          this.lastSyncTime = Date.now();
        } else if (result.conflicts > 0) {
          this.syncStatus = SyncStatus.CONFLICT;
        }
      })
      .catch(() => {
        this.syncStatus = SyncStatus.OFFLINE;
      })
      .finally(() => {
        this.syncAnimation = false;
      });
  }
}

// 同步状态枚举
enum SyncStatus {
  IDLE = 'idle',
  SYNCING = 'syncing',
  OFFLINE = 'offline',
  CONFLICT = 'conflict'
}

3.2 多设备购物车界面

// src/main/ets/pages/DistributedCartPage.ets
@Entry
@Component
export struct DistributedCartPage {
  @StorageLink('cartItems') cartItems: Array<CartItem> = [];
  @StorageLink('syncStatus') syncStatus: SyncStatus = SyncStatus.IDLE;
  
  @State private selectedDevice: string = 'all';
  @State private groupByDevice: boolean = true;
  @State private showSyncHistory: boolean = false;
  
  // 按设备分组购物车商品
  private get groupedCartItems(): Map<string, Array<CartItem>> {
    if (!this.groupByDevice) {
      return new Map([['all', this.cartItems]]);
    }
    
    const grouped = new Map<string, Array<CartItem>>();
    
    this.cartItems.forEach(item => {
      const deviceKey = `${item.sourceDevice} (${item.deviceType})`;
      
      if (!grouped.has(deviceKey)) {
        grouped.set(deviceKey, []);
      }
      
      grouped.get(deviceKey)!.push(item);
    });
    
    return grouped;
  }
  
  build() {
    Column({ space: 0 }) {
      // 标题栏
      Row({ space: 12 }) {
        Text('购物车')
          .fontSize(20)
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
          .layoutWeight(1)
        
        // 同步状态组件
        CartSyncStatus()
        
        // 设备切换按钮
        IconButton({ 
          icon: $r('app.media.ic_devices'),
          onClick: () => this.toggleDeviceView()
        })
      }
      .padding(16)
      .width('100%')
      .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
      
      // 设备筛选标签
      if (this.groupByDevice && this.groupedCartItems.size > 1) {
        this.buildDeviceTabs()
      }
      
      // 购物车商品列表
      List({ space: 8 }) {
        if (this.selectedDevice === 'all') {
          // 显示所有设备商品
          ForEach(Array.from(this.groupedCartItems.entries()), 
            ([device, items]) => {
              ListItem() {
                this.buildDeviceSection(device, items)
              }
            }
          )
        } else {
          // 显示特定设备商品
          const items = this.groupedCartItems.get(this.selectedDevice) || [];
          ForEach(items, (item: CartItem) => {
            ListItem() {
              CartItemComponent({ item })
            }
          })
        }
      }
      .layoutWeight(1)
      .width('100%')
      
      // 底部结算栏
      CartSummaryBar({
        items: this.cartItems.filter(item => item.selected),
        syncStatus: this.syncStatus,
        onCheckout: () => this.proceedToCheckout()
      })
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .backgroundColor('#F8F8F8')
  }
  
  @Builder
  private buildDeviceTabs() {
    Scroll(.horizontal) {
      Row({ space: 8 }) {
        // 全部设备选项
        Chip({
          label: '全部设备',
          selected: this.selectedDevice === 'all',
          onClick: () => { this.selectedDevice = 'all'; }
        })
        
        // 各个设备选项
        ForEach(Array.from(this.groupedCartItems.keys()), 
          (device: string) => {
            Chip({
              label: device,
              selected: this.selectedDevice === device,
              onClick: () => { this.selectedDevice = device; }
            })
          }
        )
      }
      .padding({ left: 16, right: 16 })
    }
    .padding({ top: 8, bottom: 8 })
    .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')
  }
  
  @Builder
  private buildDeviceSection(deviceName: string, items: Array<CartItem>) {
    Column({ space: 8 }) {
      // 设备标题
      Row({ space: 8 }) {
        Text(deviceName)
          .fontSize(14)
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
          .fontColor('#333333')
        
        Badge({
          count: items.length,
          position: BadgePosition.Right,
          style: {
            color: '#FFFFFF',
            backgroundColor: '#007AFF',
            fontSize: 10
          }
        })
      }
      .width('100%')
      .padding({ left: 16, right: 16 })
      .margin({ top: 8 })
      
      // 该设备下的商品列表
      Column({ space: 4 }) {
        ForEach(items, (item: CartItem) => {
          CartItemComponent({ item })
        })
      }
    }
  }
  
  private toggleDeviceView(): void {
    this.groupByDevice = !this.groupByDevice;
    if (!this.groupByDevice) {
      this.selectedDevice = 'all';
    }
  }
  
  private async proceedToCheckout(): Promise<void> {
    // 检查同步状态
    if (this.syncStatus !== SyncStatus.IDLE) {
      await this.showSyncWarning();
      return;
    }
    
    // 检查商品库存
    const stockValid = await this.validateStock();
    if (!stockValid) {
      await this.showStockWarning();
      return;
    }
    
    // 跳转到结算页面
    router.pushUrl({
      url: 'pages/CheckoutPage'
    });
  }
}

四、 性能优化与最佳实践

4.1 同步性能优化策略

数据压缩与差分同步

// src/main/ets/optimize/SyncOptimizer.ets
/**
 * 同步性能优化器
 */
export class SyncOptimizer {
  
  /**
   * 压缩购物车数据
   */
  compressCartData(items: Array<CartItem>): CompressedCartData {
    // 移除不必要字段
    const compressedItems = items.map(item => ({
      i: item.itemId,      // 商品ID
      s: item.skuId,       // SKU ID
      q: item.quantity,    // 数量
      t: item.lastModified // 时间戳
    }));
    
    // 使用gzip压缩(实际使用鸿蒙的压缩API)
    const jsonStr = JSON.stringify(compressedItems);
    const compressed = this.gzipCompress(jsonStr);
    
    return {
      version: '1.0',
      checksum: this.calculateChecksum(compressed),
      data: compressed,
      itemCount: items.length
    };
  }
  
  /**
   * 差分同步:只同步变化的部分
   */
  async differentialSync(
    localItems: Array<CartItem>,
    remoteItems: Array<CartItem>
  ): Promise<SyncDiff> {
    const diff: SyncDiff = {
      added: [],
      updated: [],
      removed: [],
      unchanged: []
    };
    
    // 创建查找映射
    const localMap = new Map(localItems.map(item => [item.itemId, item]));
    const remoteMap = new Map(remoteItems.map(item => [item.itemId, item]));
    
    // 找出新增和更新的项
    for (const [itemId, localItem] of localMap.entries()) {
      const remoteItem = remoteMap.get(itemId);
      
      if (!remoteItem) {
        diff.added.push(localItem);
      } else if (this.isItemChanged(localItem, remoteItem)) {
        diff.updated.push({
          itemId,
          local: localItem,
          remote: remoteItem
        });
      } else {
        diff.unchanged.push(itemId);
      }
    }
    
    // 找出删除的项
    for (const [itemId, remoteItem] of remoteMap.entries()) {
      if (!localMap.has(itemId)) {
        diff.removed.push(remoteItem);
      }
    }
    
    return diff;
  }
  
  /**
   * 批量操作优化
   */
  optimizeBatchOperations(operations: Array<CartOperation>): Array<OptimizedOperation> {
    const optimized: Array<OptimizedOperation> = [];
    const operationMap = new Map<string, CartOperation>();
    
    // 合并相同商品的操作
    for (const op of operations) {
      const key = `${op.itemId}_${op.operationType}`;
      
      if (operationMap.has(key)) {
        // 合并操作
        const existing = operationMap.get(key)!;
        existing.newValue = this.mergeOperationValues(existing, op);
      } else {
        operationMap.set(key, { ...op });
      }
    }
    
    // 转换为优化后的操作列表
    for (const op of operationMap.values()) {
      optimized.push({
        ...op,
        optimized: true,
        mergedCount: 1 // 实际应该是合并的数量
      });
    }
    
    return optimized;
  }
}

4.2 监控与调试工具

// src/main/ets/debug/SyncDebugPanel.ets
@Component
export struct SyncDebugPanel {
  @StorageLink('syncMetrics') metrics: SyncMetrics;
  @State private expanded: boolean = false;
  
  build() {
    Column({ space: 8 }) {
      // 调试面板头部
      Row({ space: 8 }) {
        Text('同步调试信息')
          .fontSize(12)
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)
        
        IconButton({
          icon: this.expanded ? $r('app.media.ic_expand_less') : $r('app.media.ic_expand_more'),
          onClick: () => { this.expanded = !this.expanded; }
        })
      }
      .width('100%')
      .onClick(() => { this.expanded = !this.expanded; })
      
      // 详细调试信息
      if (this.expanded) {
        this.buildDebugDetails()
      }
    }
    .padding(12)
    .backgroundColor('#F8F8F8')
    .border({ width: 1, color: '#DDDDDD' })
    .borderRadius(8)
  }
  
  @Builder
  private buildDebugDetails() {
    Column({ space: 6 }) {
      // 性能指标
      Row({ space: 12 }) {
        MetricItem({
          label: '同步延迟',
          value: `${this.metrics.syncLatency}ms`,
          status: this.metrics.syncLatency < 1000 ? 'good' : 'warning'
        })
        
        MetricItem({
          label: '成功率',
          value: `${(this.metrics.successRate * 100).toFixed(1)}%`,
          status: this.metrics.successRate > 0.95 ? 'good' : 'warning'
        })
      }
      
      // 数据统计
      Row({ space: 12 }) {
        MetricItem({
          label: '商品数量',
          value: this.metrics.itemCount.toString(),
          status: 'neutral'
        })
        
        MetricItem({
          label: '冲突次数',
          value: this.metrics.conflictCount.toString(),
          status: this.metrics.conflictCount > 0 ? 'warning' : 'good'
        })
      }
      
      // 设备信息
      Divider()
        .strokeWidth(0.5)
        .color('#DDDDDD')
      
      Text('连接设备')
        .fontSize(10)
        .fontColor('#666666')
      
      ForEach(this.metrics.connectedDevices, (device) => {
        DeviceDebugItem({ device })
      })
    }
  }
}

五、 总结与部署建议

5.1 关键实现要点总结

  1. 分布式数据管理:充分利用鸿蒙的DistributedDataKit实现设备间数据自动同步
  2. 冲突智能解决:实现多种冲突解决策略,确保数据最终一致性
  3. 离线优先设计:保证在网络不可用时用户仍可正常操作购物车
  4. 性能优化:通过数据压缩、差分同步等技术优化同步性能
  5. 用户体验:实时展示同步状态,提供清晰的多设备视图

5.2 部署与监控建议

生产环境配置

// 建议的生产环境配置
const PRODUCTION_CONFIG = {
  sync: {
    autoSyncInterval: 10000,     // 10秒同步间隔
    maxRetryCount: 5,            // 最大重试5次
    conflictStrategy: 'MERGE',   // 使用合并策略
    offlineQueueSize: 500,       // 离线队列大小
    compressionEnabled: true     // 启用数据压缩
  },
  
  monitoring: {
    metricsCollection: true,     // 收集性能指标
    errorReporting: true,        // 错误报告
    analyticsEnabled: true       // 分析功能
  },
  
  security: {
    dataEncryption: true,        // 数据加密
    secureTransport: true,       // 安全传输
    accessControl: true          // 访问控制
  }
};

监控指标

  • 同步成功率(目标 > 99.5%)
  • 平均同步延迟(目标 < 500ms)
  • 冲突解决成功率(目标 > 99%)
  • 离线操作成功率(目标 > 99.9%)
  • 多设备用户占比(衡量功能价值)

通过以上实现,美寇商城可以为用户提供真正无缝的多设备购物车体验,无论用户在手机、平板、还是PC上操作,都能看到一致的购物车状态,极大提升了购物体验和转化率。

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